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The results were striking: Genes upregulated by GHK-Cu include: Collagen I, III, and VII synthesis genes (structural repair) Decorin and proteoglycan genes (extracellular matrix integrity) Antioxidant defense genes (SOD2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) BDNF and nerve growth factor genes (neural repair and neuroprotection) Anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-10, TGF-1) Angiogenesis genes (VEGF, angiopoietin new blood vessel formation) Stem cell self-renewal pathways Genes downregulated by GHK-Cu include: Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1) Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3 (enzymes that degrade collagen and connective tissue) Oxidative stress genes Pathways associated with cancer progression and metastasis The pro-inflammatory gene suppression is particularly notable

While it is known that ROS are generated as a by-product of cancer cell growth (65), a more comprehensive understanding of the redox landscape could potentially help guide rational patient selection for drugs that exploit this sensitivity (18, 19)

Xu D, Xie M, Yang L (2022) Molecular characterization and expression analysis of IL-10 and IL-20L genes in swamp eel (Monopterus albus) against Aeromonas veronii Infection

An Acad Bras Cienc 92(2):e20191107 Alkhudhayri AA, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S (2018) Nanoselenium prevents eimeriosis-induced inflammation and regulates mucin gene expression in mice jejunum

Biochemical and structural characterization of mouse mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, a newly identified kynurenine aminotransferase-IV

"Messenger RNA encoding the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein" (DOC)